Impact of rainfall movement on soil crust development     

Qi-hua RAN  Zhi-nan SHI  Xu-dong FU  Guang-qian WANG  Yue-ping XU 《国际泥沙研究》2012,27(4):439-450

The impact of rainfall event movement on soil crust development was investigated via laboratory experiments and physics-based hydrological-response simulation.Runoff and soil water content data were analyzed in order to study different crustal development periods under a variety of precipitation conditions.The results showed that the formation of crust significantly changed soil saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_s) and runoff,while a steady state,which could be broken by an extended period of raindrop impact,was found to exist for both the crust and,subsequently,runoff characteristics.The decrease in K_S was as high as 86%for downstream-moving events,and 72%for upstream-moving events,illustrating that the direction of rainfall movement has a more significant impact on crust formation than rainfall intensity and duration.As downstream-moving rainfall events may have a greater effect than those moving upstream,the development of a depositional crust before raindrop impact may play an important role in determining the final K_S value.  相似文献   

小震密集带与地质活动断裂的关系研究     

冉志杰  张合  温超  杨岐炎  骆艳欣  彭远黔 《华北地震科学》2012,30(2):13-16

采用双差地震定位方法对1830年磁县7(1/2)级地震X区及其附近地区小震进行重新定位,划分出小震密集带,根据小震空间分布特征,研究X区范围内断裂构造与小震密集带之间的关系。结果表明,小震主要集中在NE向断裂与磁县—大名断裂交汇处以及断层切割区。  相似文献   

南黄海悬浮体浓度的平面分布特征及其输运规律   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

韦钦胜  刘璐  臧家业  冉祥滨 《海洋学报》2012,34(2):73-83

重点分析和探讨了南黄海悬浮体浓度的平面分布及其水平输运,结果显示悬浮体浓度具有显著的空间区域化分布特征,其与该海域环流场的布局和季节转换存在良好的对应关系,南黄海环流是该海域悬浮体运移的主要动力和控制因素;江苏近岸海域在一年四季均为悬浮体浓度的最高值区,其悬浮体主要来源于潮流和海浪所引起的沉积物再悬浮以及苏北沿岸水的携带和输送,而且夏季悬浮体在该海域的累积还可为冬半年在黄海西部沿岸流作用下将其输运至东南海域提供很好的物源保证;长江口东北部海域在春、夏、秋三季出现东北向扩展的高值区,体现了长江冲淡水的影响;石岛外海在冬、春、秋三季也存在悬浮体浓度高值区,并具有向南黄海中部泥质区扩展的态势,这是鲁北沿岸流将现代黄河物质输运至此的结果。发现调查海域中部表底层在春秋季均存在云团状高值区,而且该海域悬浮体浓度自春季至秋季出现"双峰现象",这与春秋季水华期间浮游植物繁殖所产生的有机碎屑有关,并使作为悬浮体组成的海洋浮游生物有机质向沉积物转移,据此进一步指出这一物源可能对南黄海冷涡泥质区的形成、发育也具有一定的作用,该观点深化了对南黄海中部冷涡泥质区受上层生物活动影响以及泥质区物源的认识。  相似文献   

中亚哈萨克斯坦南部VA黄土剖面过去～25 000 a来沉积地层特征          下载免费PDF全文

冉敏  杨奇丽  黄昌庆 《干旱区地理》2013,36(6):979-986

选取位于中亚哈萨克斯坦中南部的VA剖面作为研究对象,剖面厚7 m,野外采样以及实验分析间距均为5 cm。在AMS ¹⁴C测年基础上,综合野外地层考察和实验室指标（包括磁化率、碳酸盐、有机质和粒度）分析,结果表明：I：该剖面过去～25 000 ¹⁴C a BP以来地层主要可以分为五个地层单元：（1） ～26 000 ¹⁴C a BP—～22 000 ¹⁴C a BP,河流作用过的黄土层;（2） ～22 000 ¹⁴C a BP—～19 000 ¹⁴C a BP,潜育化的黄土层;（3） ～19 000 ¹⁴C a BP—～10 000 ¹⁴C aBP,弱土壤层;（4） ～10 000 ¹⁴C a BP—～5 000 ¹⁴C a BP,典型的黄土层;（5） 过去～5 000 ¹⁴C a BP以来,土壤层。II：将VA剖面与欧洲区以及东亚区黄土沉积对比发现：研究区过去～25 000 ¹⁴C a BP 以来地层沉积与欧洲黄土沉积类似,全新世地层序列与东亚区具有反相位关系：中亚区早全新世为黄土沉积,晚全新世发育土壤层,说明研究区过去25 000 ¹⁴C a以来主要受西风带和地中海气候控制,具有西风区气候特征。III：VA剖面MIS2记录到的潜育化黄土层以及弱土壤层显示研究区在MIS2时段气候相比东亚区更为湿润。  相似文献   

中国冰川系统对气候变化响应的敏感性分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王欣  谢自楚  李巧媛  王淑红  程磊 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(2):190-200

Data of 44 glacier systems in China used in this paper were obtained from Chinese Glacier Inventories and the meteorological data were got from Meteorological Atlas of Plateau of west China. Based on the statistical analysis and functional model simulation results of the 44 glacier systems in China, the glacier systems were divided into extremely-sensitive glacier system, semi-sensitive glacier system, extremely-steady glacier system and semi-steady glacier system in terms of glacier system＇s level of water-energy exchange, rising gradient of the equilibrium line altitudes and retreating rate of area to climate warming, their median size and vertical span distribution, and their runoff characteristics to climate warming. Furthermore the functional model of glacier system to climate warming was applied in this paper to predict the average variation trends of the 4 types of glacier systems, which indicate that different sensitivity types of glacier systems respond to the climate warming differently.  相似文献   

地壳流体CO_2的释放与地震关系:回顾与展望     

王云  赵慈平  冉华  陈坤华 《地震研究》2015,38(1)

介绍了地壳流体CO2的3个主要成因:有机成因、变质成因及幔源成因,并着重讨论了CO2气体的稳定同位素13C的示踪性能;总结了由地壳释放CO2的主要方式、上升通道及其存在形态。在回顾地壳流体CO2等释放在目前地震监测、预报及相关研究中的主要研究进展的同时,指出地壳深部流体(CO2、He、CH4等)在同位素地球化学、深源流体运移与地震活动、深源流体对震源介质的影响等。此外,提出对深源流体监测不能仅限单一组分(CO2)的监测,需多种深源成分(He、Ne、Ar、H2、CH4)同时监测。  相似文献   

扬子板块北缘下志留统龙马溪组重晶石结核特征及其成因机制分析     

昝博文  刘树根  冉波  叶豪  杨迪  黄瑞  夏国栋  焦堃 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(2):213-226

在扬子板块北缘城口明中剖面及巫溪徐家坝剖面下志留统龙马溪组底部的硅质岩、泥岩中发现椭球状重晶石结核。其矿物组成主要为重晶石颗粒与作为"基质"的黄铁矿、粘土矿物和石英。通过重晶石岩石学、矿物学及锶同位素分析表明,重晶石结核形成于早期成岩阶段松软沉积物的孔隙水中。上升洋流带来丰富的营养及富钡物质,表层海水的高初始生产力促使生物繁盛,海水中的钡通过生物作用富集形成生物钡,生物钡(bio-barite)在埋藏过程中的硫酸盐耗竭区(sulfate depleted zones)通过硫酸盐细菌作用(BSR)溶解被激活提供了钡的来源。围岩岩性(黑色泥岩和硅质泥岩)表明重晶石结核形成于缺氧的环境中。上述研究对深入理解早志留世时期扬子板块北缘古海洋环境有一定的启示作用。  相似文献   

甘肃省肃南县白尖铁矿地质特征及找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

董万平  韩要权  冉德甫  孙继省 《甘肃地质》2017,26(4):37-43

白尖铁矿位于镜铁山铁矿床外围,是北祁连西段铁多金属成矿带内重要的沉积变质型铁矿床之一。白尖铁矿矿体赋存于长城系桦树沟组中,共圈定铁矿体8条,矿体多呈层状产出,分布受控于含矿层位。矿体长度在86~424 m之间,平均厚度在2.24~26.21 m之间,TFe平均品位为22.55%~34.80%,矿石自然类型以菱铁矿矿石为主;矿石具细粒结构,条带状构造发育,品位低、变化大,具沉积变质型铁矿的特点。通过对白尖铁矿地层层序、成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征综合分析研究,初步提出了今后勘查中找矿方向以赋矿层位为主,这对镜铁山铁矿床外围此类铁矿床的勘查具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

Channel change at Toudaoguai Station and its responses to the operation of upstream reservoirs in the upper Yellow River     

RAN Lishan  WANG Suiji  FAN Xiaoli 《地理学报》2010,20(2):231-247

The application of dams built upstream will change the input conditions, including water and sediment, of downstream fluvial system, and destroy previous dynamic quasi-equilibrium reached by channel streamflow, so indispensable adjustments are necessary for downstream channel to adapt to the new water and sediment supply, leading the fluvial system to restore its previous equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium. Using about 50-year-long hydrological, sedimentary and cross-sectional data, temporal response processes of Toudaoguai cross-section located in the upper Yellow River to the operation of reservoirs built upstream are analyzed. The results show that the Toudaoguai cross-section change was influenced strongly by upstream reservoir operation and downstream channel bed armoring thereafter occurred gradually and extended to the reach below Sanhuhekou gauging station. Besides, median diameter of suspended sediment load experienced a three-stage change that is characterized by an increase at first, then a decrease and an increase again finally, which reflects the process of channel bed armoring that began at Qingtongxia reservoir and then gradually developed downstream to the reach below Sanhuhekou cross-section. Since the joint operation strategy of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Qingtongxia reservoirs was introduced in 1986, the three-stage change trend has become less evident than that in the time period between 1969 and 1986 when only Qingtongxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs were put into operation alone. In addition, since 1987, the extent of lateral migration and thalweg elevation change at Toudaoguai cross-section has reduced dramatically, cross-sectional profile and location tended to be stable, which is beneficial to the normal living for local people.  相似文献   

DISTRIBUTION OF 3 EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE ZONES IN ESATERN TIENSHAN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH 2 HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES          下载免费PDF全文

WU Fu-yao  RAN Yong-kang  CHEN Li-chun  LI An 《地震地质》2016,38(1):77-90

The distribution of earthquake rupture zone plays a very important role in determining location of epicenter and magnitude of historical earthquake. There is still argument about the seismogenic structure of the 1842 M7 Balikun earthquake and the 1914 M7 1/2 Balikun earthquake in the historical records in eastern Tienshan. Through field geological survey, we confirm that there exist 3 rupture zones in Eastern Tienshan. These rupture zones, Tazibulake rupture zone on the Jian Quanzi-Luo Baoquan Fault, north of Shanshan, Xiong Kuer rupture zone on the south Balikun Basin Fault and Yanchi rupture zone on the south Yiwu Basin Fault, are closely related to 2 historical earthquakes. Based on historical literature and current geological evidence analysis, we infer that Xiong Kuer rupture zone was produced by 1842 M7 earthquake and Yanchi rupture zone by 1914 M7 1/2 earthquake, while Tazibukale rupture zone may represent another unrecorded historical event. South Balikun Basin Fault disturbs Quaternary stratigraphy which has a ¹⁴C age of 3110±30 B.P in the south of Balikun County, ~100km to the east of Xiong Kuer rupture zone, therefore we can't preclude the possibility that Xiong Kuer rupture zone extends to the south of Balikun County. This region overlaps with the meizoseismal area based on the literature document, together with the fact that the impact of 1842 earthquake is no less than 1914 earthquake, we believe that the magnitude of 1842 earthquake is no less than that of the 1914 earthquake.  相似文献